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|header1= |label2=Location |data2=Stanisławów, German-occupied Poland |label3=Persecution |data3=Imprisonment, forced labor, starvation, mass killing |label4=Organizations | data4=''Schutzstaffel'' (''SS'') |label5=Death camp | data5=Belzec (see map) |label6=Victims | data6=20,000 ghettoized Jews, and 10,000–12,000 before the Ghetto was set up, in Bloody Sunday massacre }} Stanisławów Ghetto ((ポーランド語:getto w Stanisławowie), (ドイツ語:Ghetto Stanislau)) was a Jewish World War II ghetto established in 1941 by the ''Schutzstaffel'' (''SS'') in the prewar Polish city of Stanisławów occupied by Germany after Operation Barbarossa in the south-eastern region of Kresy (now Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine). Before the joint Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 Stanisławów was the capital of the Stanisławów Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic. The Soviets annexed the city to the Ukrainian SSR in 1939 along with the entire region, but renamed it as Ivano-Frankivsk in 1962, long after the war ended. In 1941 Stanisławów (then, Stanyslaviv) was overrun again, this time by the Wehrmacht army, in the course of the German attack on the Russian positions behind the Curzon Line (see map, marked in red), and incorporated it into their own ''Distrikt Galizien'', as the fifth district of the ''Generalgouvernement''.〔 On 12 October 1941 during the so-called ''Bloody Sunday'', some 10,000–12,000〔 Jews were shot by the German uniformed ''SS''-men from SIPO and Orpo together with the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police at the Jewish cemetery, into hastily dug mass graves. Dr. Tenenbaum of the Judenrat heroically refused the offer of exemption and was killed along with the others. The size of the massacre was unprecedented.〔 Two months after that, the ''Stanislau'' Ghetto was established officially for the 20,000 Jews remaining, and sealed off with walls on 20 December 1941. Over a year later, in February 1943, the Ghetto was liquidated, when no more Jews were imprisoned in it.〔 ==Historal background== The Stanisławów County had 198,400 residents in 1931 according to the Polish census. Among them were 120,214 Orthodox Poles (Ukrainian, Ruthenian and Russian), 49,032 Catholics, and 26,996 Jews. The population of the capital grew rapidly from 28,200 in 1921 to 60,000 in 1931 (or 70,000 together with the suburbs incorporated into the city by the 1924 decision of ''Rada Ministrów'').〔Sejm, (Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych (Poland's Internet archive of State published documents). ) Dz.U. 1924 nr 102 poz. 937. 〕 During the interbellum, Stanisławów had a military base for the Polish Army, with two main units, the 11th Infantry Division, and Podolska Cavalry Brigade, both defeated in the September Campaign. During the 1939 invasion of Poland by German and Soviet forces, the province was captured by the Red Army in September 1939. Over the next two years, beginning 8 February 1940〔Jan Stanisław Smalewski, ( Sowieckie zdrady ) (The Soviet betrayals). Part 5. ''Pisarze.pl''. E-tygodnik literacko-artystyczny Numer 49/14 (226). 〕 and ending in the June 1941 flight from Stanisławów, the Soviet regime forced thousands of inhabitants of the city to board cattle trains to Siberia, where most of the victims perished. A number of villages were completely emptied ("dekulakization").〔Stanisław Żurek, ( Kalendarium ludobójstwa: woj. stanisławowskie. ) (Internet Archive) "Z Halicza wyjechało 400 wagonów z Polakami, ze Stanisławowa 900 wagonów. Wagony towarowe miały pozabijane deskami okna, w kącie wydrążoną dziurę na załatwianie potrzeb fizjologicznych."〕 The war crimes committed against the Polish nationals included the last minute massacre of 2,500 political prisoners in the city,〔 Ukrainian and Polish alike,〔 during the escape of the NKVD ahead of the advancing Germans.〔Brian Crozier, (Remembering Katyn | Hoover Institution. ) 30 April 2000; Stanford University. Retrieved 1 December 2014.〕 Also women with dozens of children were shot at a secluded Demianów Łaz ravine outside Stanisławów among at least 524 Polish victims who dug their own mass grave.〔Robert Nodzewski, ( "Demianów Łaz" ) ''IV Rozbiór Polski'', 1939. Retrieved 1 December 2014.〕〔( Soviet 1941 massacre at Dem'ianiv Laz. ) Memorial Society (memorial.kiev.ua). Retrieved 1 December 2014.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stanisławów Ghetto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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